Glossary · RegulatoryUpdated September 28, 2026

What is a Biologics License Application (BLA)?

A BLA is the request submitted to the US FDA for permission to introduce a biological product, such as a vaccine, antibody, cell or gene therapy, into interstate commerce. It is the biologics counterpart of a New Drug Application (NDA).

  • BLA in plain language
  • How it works in practice
  • Related terms

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RegulatoryBLA

Biologics License Application

noun · clinical research

A submission to FDA under the Public Health Service Act requesting a licence to market a biological product in the United States.

Related terms

NDAIND351(k) biosimilarPDUFACDISC

In short

  • Original biologics are licensed under section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act; biosimilars use the abbreviated 351(k) pathway.
  • A BLA contains manufacturing (CMC), nonclinical and clinical data demonstrating the product is safe, pure and potent.
  • Under PDUFA goals, FDA aims to act on original BLAs within 10 months (standard) or 6 months (priority) of the 60-day filing date.
  • Study data in the submission must follow FDA's data standards, typically CDISC SDTM and ADaM for clinical data.

Explained

BLA versus NDA, and what data goes in

Small-molecule drugs are approved through NDAs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; most biological products are licensed through BLAs under the Public Health Service Act. Review happens in CBER (for vaccines, blood products, cell and gene therapies) or CDER (for many therapeutic proteins and antibodies).

The clinical section rests on the trials conducted under the IND. Their data must be traceable from the submitted datasets back through the eCRF to source, which is why data capture decisions made years earlier matter at submission. Capture exports include SAS transport (XPT) files, a data dictionary and an annotated CRF, and forms carry SDTM domain labels; SDTM datasets themselves are produced by your programmers. For accelerated programmes, see orphan, breakthrough and fast track designations.

FAQ

Common questions

Something not covered here? Ask us directly.

What is the difference between a BLA and an NDA?

An NDA is for drugs approved under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; a BLA is for biological products licensed under the Public Health Service Act.

What is a 351(k) BLA?

The abbreviated licensure pathway for biosimilar and interchangeable biological products.

How long does BLA review take?

Under PDUFA goals, FDA aims to act within 10 months of the 60-day filing date for standard review, or 6 months for priority review.

What data standards apply?

FDA requires standardised study data, typically CDISC SDTM for tabulation and ADaM for analysis datasets.

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