Guide · eConsentUpdated September 28, 2026

How to write an eConsent form people actually understand

An electronic consent form still has to contain every required element, but it is read on a phone, often without a researcher in the room. That changes how you write it. Here is a practical way to go from protocol to approved eConsent.

  • Required elements
  • Key information first
  • Written for screens

Free sandbox · No credit card · 21 CFR Part 11 aligned

eConsent · Version 2.0
consent_v2.0_site-0013/7 complete
  1. 1

    Key information

    One screen, before the detail

    Complete
  2. 2

    Why is this study being done?

    Complete
  3. 3

    What will happen if I take part?

    Complete
  4. 4

    Risks and discomforts

    Draft
  5. 5

    Benefits and alternatives

    Draft
  6. 6

    Your data and privacy

    To do
  7. 7

    Signatures

    To do
Short sections with question headings

The short version

  • Start from the required elements in the rules that apply to your study, such as 21 CFR 50.25 for FDA-regulated research, the Common Rule for federally funded US research, ICH GCP and the EU Clinical Trials Regulation.
  • Put a concise key information section first. The revised US Common Rule requires this, and it helps every participant.
  • Write in plain language: short sentences, everyday words and consistent terms. Many ethics committees expect a reading level around that of a 12 to 14 year old.
  • Structure for screens: short sections, question-style headings, one idea per paragraph.
  • Plan the signatures (participant, investigator, witness, representative) and version control before submission, and submit the electronic format for ethics review, not just the text.

Step by step

From protocol to approved eConsent

  1. 1

    List the required elements

    Make a checklist from the regulations and your ethics committee's template: purpose, procedures, duration, risks, benefits, alternatives, confidentiality, compensation for injury, contacts and voluntariness, plus any additional elements that apply.

  2. 2

    Write the key information section

    In a few short paragraphs: what the study is, why someone might or might not want to take part, the main risks, and that participation is voluntary.

  3. 3

    Draft each section as an answer to a question

    Use headings such as "What will happen if I take part?" and answer them in plain language, with procedures in the order the participant will experience them.

  4. 4

    Test readability and understanding

    Run a readability check, then ask people like your participants to read it and explain it back. Fix what they misunderstand.

  5. 5

    Build it and read it on a phone

    Check that every section reads well on a small screen, and that signature steps are clear.

  6. 6

    Submit for ethics review

    Submit the text and the electronic presentation, for example screenshots or a PDF of the screens, with the signature process described.

Writing

Plain language that still says everything

Consent forms often fail because they are written to protect the institution rather than to inform the person. Plain language does not mean leaving things out. It means choosing everyday words ("medicine" rather than "investigational product" after first definition), active sentences ("We will take a blood sample") and one term for one thing throughout. Numbers help: "about 1 in 10 people" is clearer than "common".

Risks deserve particular care. Group them by how likely and how serious they are, say what will be done to reduce and manage them, and avoid long lists of rare events without context. The DCT consent template shows how to explain remote procedures and data flows, and the wearable data consent template covers device data.

Children and representatives

Studies involving children need a parent permission form and an age-appropriate assent form, often two or more versions for different ages. Studies involving adults who cannot consent need a representative process. See the pediatric assent template.

Evening diary

Question 3 of 8

How would you rate your fatigue today?

0 = no fatigue, 10 = worst imaginable

012345678910
Add a photo (optional)
BackNext
● Answers saved as they go

Checklist

Core elements and how to phrase them for screens

ElementPlain-language heading
Research purpose and durationWhy is this study being done, and how long will I be in it?
Procedures, including experimental onesWhat will happen if I take part?
Foreseeable risks and discomfortsWhat are the risks?
BenefitsCould this study help me or others?
AlternativesWhat are my other choices?
ConfidentialityWho will see my information?
Compensation and treatment for injuryWhat happens if I am harmed?
ContactsWho can I talk to?
Voluntary participation and withdrawalDo I have to take part, and can I stop?

Check the full list of required and additional elements for the regulations and ethics committee that apply to your study.

In Capture

From approved text to signed consent

Build the consent from a template, preview it on a phone, and send it to participants for remote signing or use it in clinic. Participants confirm a one-time email code and acknowledge the legal statement before signing; the investigator countersigns with password re-authentication. Witness and representative signatures are available, and the signed PDF exports with timestamps and the audit trail.

  • Consent templates to start from.
  • Participant, investigator, witness and representative signatures.
  • Signature linked to exact document content.
eConsent software for clinical trials
Electronic signature

Meaning of signature

I have reviewed this adverse event and confirm the assessment of seriousness, severity and causality.

Signer

Dr. A. Ozola, PI

Password

••••••••••

Verified on the serverAutofill blockedSingle-use token
Sign

Preview your consent on a phone

Build it in the free sandbox and sign a test copy.

Start from a consent template

After approval

Versions, amendments and records

Put a version number and date on every consent document and keep a record of which version each participant signed. When the protocol changes in a way that affects what participants were told, the ethics committee will decide whether participants need to be informed or asked to sign an updated version. Plan how you will identify affected participants and document their decision.

Keep the approved text, the approved electronic presentation and the signed records together in the site file. Monitors will compare them. See the IRB submission checklist for what ethics committees usually ask for.

Before submission

eConsent writing checklist

Required elements covered

Against the regulations and ethics template that apply.

Key information first

Concise summary before the detail.

Readability tested

Readability check and reader testing.

Screen-friendly structure

Short sections with question headings.

Signatures planned

Participant, investigator, witness and representative as needed.

Version control

Version and date on every document; signed version recorded.

FAQ

Questions teams ask before they switch

Something not covered here? Ask us directly.

What must an informed consent form include?

Required elements include the purpose, procedures, duration, risks, benefits, alternatives, confidentiality, compensation for injury, contacts and voluntary participation. Check the full list for the regulations that apply.

What is the key information section?

A concise summary at the start of the consent that explains the most important reasons someone might or might not want to take part. The revised US Common Rule requires it.

What reading level should a consent form have?

Many ethics committees expect a reading level around that of a 12 to 14 year old. Test with readers as well as readability formulas.

Does the IRB review the electronic format?

Ethics committees usually review the content and the electronic presentation, including how signatures are obtained.

Can eConsent include a witness?

Yes. In Capture, optional witness and legally authorised representative signatures are supported.

Can I build an eConsent free?

Yes, in the free sandbox, starting from a consent template.

Consent that reads well on a phone

Start from a template in the free sandbox.

Start from a consent template